This knowledge product is based on work undertaken by Jonathan Greenacre and Professor Ross Buckley from the University of New South Wales to assist member institutions of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion1 (AFI) Pacific Islands Working Group2 (PIWG) to strengthen their respective e-money trust arrangements. The technical assistance is supported by the Pacific Financial Inclusion Programme (PFIP) which is a joint programme of the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) with additional funding support from the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) and the European Union/Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Microfinance Framework Programme (EU/ACP). Mr Greenacre’s and Professor Buckley’s continuing contribution to this knowledge product is part of further research into the regulation of mobile money funded by the Centre for International Finance and Regulation (CIFR) with support from UNCDF and Standard Chartered Bank.